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百度民生E贷、民生E票主要解决的是企业操作的便捷性问题，让企业财务人员足不出户便可完成相关业务申请和放款。

???? ??? ???(Francis Parkman Jr., 1823? 9? 16? ~ 1893? 11? 8?)? ??? ?????, 《??? ???: ???? ???? ?? ???》? ????? 7??? ??? 《?????? ???? ????》? ??? ?? ? ??? ??. ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??. ?? ?? ??? ?????, ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??. ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???, ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????. ???? 1858??? 1893? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????.^[1]

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???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??(1788-1853)? ???? (?) ??? ???? ????. ??? ???? 1813??? 1849??? ???? ?? ????? ? ?? ??? ????.

?? ?? "???" ???? ??? ?? ???, ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? 3,000???(12 km²) ?? ???? ??? ????. ???? 4? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???, ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? "?? ?? ??"?? ????. ?? ???? ?? ???, ??? ????? ???? ???? ? ???. ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????, ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ? ???? ?? ?????.^[2]

?? ? ??

???? 16?? ??? ???? ????. 2?? ? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ????. 1843?, 20?? ?? ??? ?? ???? 8?? ?? ??? ????. ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????, ?????? ????, ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????, ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????.

1844? ?? ?, ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????, ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????. ??? ??? ??? ???, ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????. ??? ????? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??. ???? ??? ??? ? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???. ???? ????? ?? 4??? ?? ???? 《?? ??》(1889-1896)? ????? ????.

1846?, ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ? ?? ???. ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???. ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? "??? ???"??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????. ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????, "??"? "??"? ?? ???? ????, ?? ??? ???? ????.^[3] ?? 1846-1848? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? 《??? ???》? ??.^[4] ?? 1855?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????,^[5] 1865??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????.^[6]

?? ??? ??? ??, ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? F. ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????, ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??, ??????, ?, ???? ???? ?? ???? ????. ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ???.^[1]

???? 1879?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????, ??? "??? ????? ???? ?? ??"?? ???? ??? ? ??? ????.^[7]

?? ??

???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???. ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????. ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ???. ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????, ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????.^[2]

???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????, ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ?????. ?? ?? ?? ? ???, ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ? ? ???. ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????, ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????.

???? 1850? 5? 13?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ? ??? ???. ? ??? ?? ??? ????, ? ?? ?? ??? ????. ?? ? ?? ????? ???, ??? ??? ??? ?????, ? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???. ???? 70?? ???? ????? ????.^[8] ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???. ???? ?? 1879?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???, ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ????.

??

?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????. ?? ??? ???? ???? C. ? ????, ?? ???, ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? Wilbur R. Jacobs, ? ??, William Taylor, ?? ? ??, ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???. ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???. ??? ???? ? ????? ?????.

1865?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? 50??? ?? ????, ? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ???.^[1] ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????, ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???(?? ???? ? ??)? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????. 1967? 9? 16?, ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? 3?? ??? ???? ???.^[9]

???? ??? '?? ??? ?? ??'? ?? ? ?? ???????. ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????.^[7]

??

??, ??, ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????. C. ? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????, "???"??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???, ???? "???"? ???? "??"? ????? ??. ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???, ??? ???? ????. ?? ??? ????? ???? W. J. ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????. "???, ?? ??? ??? ????? ??."^[10]^[11] ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??. "???? ???? ???? ?? 《? ?? ???? ??》(???, 1869)? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????, ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???."^[12] ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? "??? ?? ???"? ??????.

???? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ??????. ???? ? ???? ??? ???? "?? ???"??? ???, ????? ??? ???? ???? ????. ?? ? "????" ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????.^[13] ??? "????" ??? ???? ????, ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????.^[14]

?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????. ??? ??? S. ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? "??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???, ?? ???? ?? ??? ? ?? ??"?? ???.^[15] ??? ??? N. ???? ???? ? 《???? ??》? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???.

...???? ?? ??? ??? ???—??? ?????—??? ????? ?? ???. ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????. ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????.... ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??.^[16]

?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? 《? ???》?? ???? 《?????? ???? ????》? ??? ?? ????. "??? ??? ? ?? ???, ???, ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ????."^[17]

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1907?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??
??:Francis Parkman (engraving).gif

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??? ???: ???? ???? ?? ??? (1847)
???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??^[18] (2?) (1851)
?? ?? (1856), ??
??? ?^[19] (1866). ?? ??.
?????? ???? ???? (1865–1892):
- ??? ???? ??? (1865)
- 17?? ?????? ??? (1867)
- ? ?? ???? ?? (1869; ???, 1879)
- ???? ? ?? (1874)
- ????? ??? ?? 14? ??? ????? (1877)
- ???? ?? (1884)
- ??? ?? (1892)
?? ??? ??? ???^[20] (1885)
???? ???? ??. 2?. ??? ??? ??. ??: ??, 1947.
???? ???? ??. 2?. ?? R. ???? ??. ??: ????? ??? ???, 1960.
?????? ?? ??. ? ??? ??? 《?????? ???? ????》? 1? ???. ???? 1948.

??

???, ???? (1874? 4?). 《???? ???, 1663–1763》. 《?? ??》 118. 225–255?. JSTOR 25109812.
???, ???? (1875? 1?). 《??? ??: ????? ??? ?? ??? ???》. 《?? ??》 120. 34–47?. JSTOR 25109883. .
???, ???? (1877? 11?). 《???? ? ? ?》. 《?? ??》 125. 427–438?. JSTOR 25110131.
???, ???? (1878? 7?). 《?? ??? ??》. 《?? ??》 127. 1–20?. JSTOR 25100650. .
???, ???? (1879? 10?). 《?? ??》. 《?? ??》 129. 303–321?. JSTOR 25100797.
???, ???? (1880? 1?). 《? ?? ?? ??》. 《?? ??》 130. 16–30?. JSTOR 25100823.
???, ???? (1916). 〈?? ??? ?? ?? ? ??〉. ??? ???? ??. 《?? ?? ??》. ? ? ???. 478–481?.

?? ??

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↑ ^? ^? ^? Sheola, Noah (2011? 6? 8?). “Francis Parkman”. 《Boston Athenaeum》. 2016? 3? 3?? ???.
↑ ^? ^? Wade, Mason. Francis Parkman, Heroic Historian (1942).
↑ McConnell, Michael N. (1994). 〈Introduction to the Bison Book Edition〉. 《The Conspiracy of Pontiac and the Indian War After the Conquest of Canada》. Francis Parkman. University of Nebraska Press. ix–x?.
↑ Doughty, Howard N. (1962). 《Francis Parkman》. New York: The Macmillan Company. 142?. 2019? 6? 25?? ???.
↑ “Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter P” (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 2011? 4? 13?? ???.
↑ “Members Directory”. 《American Antiquarian Society》.
↑ ^? ^? Marshall, Susan E. (1997). 《Splintered Sisterhood》. University of Wisconsin Press. 81?. ISBN 9780299154639.
↑ “Death of Francis Parkman”. 《?? ???》 (?? ??). 1893? 11? 10?. 5?. ISSN 0362-4331. 2023? 3? 3?? ??? – Newspapers.com ??.
↑ U.S. Stamp Gallery: Francis Parkman.
↑ "Parkman, Francis", by W.J. Eccles, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Vol. XII (1891-1900).
↑ Eccles, W.J. (1990). 〈Parkman, Francis〉. Halpenny, Francess G. 《??? ????》. XII (1891–1900) ????. ??? ??? ???.
↑ Eccles, W.J. (1983). 《The Canadian Frontier, 1534-1760》. University of New Mexico Press. 200 (footnote 12)?. ISBN 978-0-8263-0706-4.
↑ Jacobs, Wilbur R. (Winter 1957). 《Some Social Ideas of Francis Parkman》. 《American Quarterly》 9. 388?. doi:10.2307/2710116. JSTOR 2710116.
↑ Townsend, Kim (Spring 1986). 《Francis Parkman and the Male Tradition》. 《American Quarterly》 38. 104?. doi:10.2307/2712595. JSTOR 2712595.
↑ Allen, Robert S. (1993). 《His Majesty's Indian Allies: British Indian Policy in the Defence of Canada 1774-1815》. Dundurn. 235?. ISBN 978-1-55488-189-5.
↑ McConnell (1994), xv–xvi?
↑ Wilson, Edmund (1965). 《O Canada: An American's Notes on Canadian Culture》. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 54?. ISBN 978-0-374-50516-5.
↑ gutenberg.org: The Conspiracy of Pontiac and the Indian War after the Conquest of Canada
↑ gutenberg.org: The Book of Roses
↑ gutenberg.org: Historic Handbook of the Northern Tour

?? ??

Doughty, Howard (1962). Francis Parkman. New York: The Macmillan Company.
Levin, David, ed. Parkman: France and England in North America, vol. 1 (Library of America, 1983) ISBN 978-0-940450-10-3
Levin, David, ed. Parkman: France and England in North America, vol. 2 (Library of America, 1983) ISBN 978-0-940450-11-0
Farnham, Charles Haight (1900). A Life of Francis Parkman. Boston: Little, Brown & Company.
Farnham, Charles Haight (1901). "Parkman at Lake George," Scribner's '30 (1), pp. 22–30.
Gale, Robert L. (1973). Francis Parkman. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc.
Pease, Otis. Parkman's History: The Historian as Literary Artist (1953).
Wade, Mason. Francis Parkman, Heroic Historian (1942)
Wish, Harvey (1960). "Francis Parkman and the Pageant of Wilderness." In: The American Historian: A Social-intellectual History of the Writing of the American Past ??? 7? 16, 2012 - ??? ??. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 88–108.
Additional Online Books Regarding Parkman

?? ??

Beaver, Harold. "Parkman's Crack-Up: A Bostonian on the Oregon Trail." New England Quarterly (1975) 48#1: 84–103. online
Egan Jr, Ken. "Poetic Travelers: Figuring the Wild in Parkman, Fuller, and Kirkland." Western American Literature 44.1 (2009): 49–62. online
Jacobs, Wilbur R. Francis Parkman, Historian as Hero (1991)
Jacobs, Wilbur R. ed. Letters of Francis Parkman (U Oklahoma Press, 1960).
Lawrence, Nicholas. "Francis Parkman's The Oregon Trail and the US-Mexican War: Appropriations of Counter-Imperial Dissent." Western American Literature 43.4 (2009): 373–391. online
Peterson, Mark. "How (and Why) to Read Francis Parkman" Common-Place: The Journal of Early American Life (2002) online
Schama, Simon. Dead Certainties: Unwarranted Speculations (1991)
Stewart, George (1899). "Francis Parkman and his Works," The Canadian Magazine 13, pp. 362–368.
Tonsor, Stephen (1983). "The Conservative as Historian: Francis Parkman," Modern Age, 25', pp. 246–255.
Townsend, Kim. "Francis Parkman and the Male Tradition." American Quarterly 38.1 (1986): 97–113. online

?? ??

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???? ???

????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????.

?????? ? ???
??? ??? ????.

???? ???

The Oregon Trail ???? ???, N.C.????, ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? (???? ??? ??? ??)
Eccles, W.J. (1990). 〈Parkman, Francis〉. Halpenny, Francess G. 《??? ????》. XII (1891–1900) ????. ??? ??? ???.
Francis Parkman Memorial – ???? ??? ???
Francis Parkman's Spurs (MHS)
Tilton's Journal of Horticulture and Florist's Companion
“???? ???”. JSTOR.

??? ???

???? ???? ?? - ???? ?????
Francis Parkman? ?? - Faded Page (???)

?? ?? ???? ??? - ??? ????
???? ???? ?? - ????? (??? ??? ????)

[Sheola-1] ? ^? ^? Sheola, Noah (2011? 6? 8?). “Francis Parkman”. 《Boston Athenaeum》. 2016? 3? 3?? ???.

[Mason_Wade_1942-2] ? ^? Wade, Mason. Francis Parkman, Heroic Historian (1942).

[3] McConnell, Michael N. (1994). 〈Introduction to the Bison Book Edition〉. 《The Conspiracy of Pontiac and the Indian War After the Conquest of Canada》. Francis Parkman. University of Nebraska Press. ix–x?.

[4] Doughty, Howard N. (1962). 《Francis Parkman》. New York: The Macmillan Company. 142?. 2019? 6? 25?? ???.

[AAAS-5] “Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter P” (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 2011? 4? 13?? ???.

[6] “Members Directory”. 《American Antiquarian Society》.

[Marshall1997-7] ? ^? Marshall, Susan E. (1997). 《Splintered Sisterhood》. University of Wisconsin Press. 81?. ISBN 9780299154639.

[8] “Death of Francis Parkman”. 《?? ???》 (?? ??). 1893? 11? 10?. 5?. ISSN 0362-4331. 2023? 3? 3?? ??? – Newspapers.com ??.

[9] U.S. Stamp Gallery: Francis Parkman.

[10] "Parkman, Francis", by W.J. Eccles, Dictionary of Canadian Biography Vol. XII (1891-1900).

[11] Eccles, W.J. (1990). 〈Parkman, Francis〉. Halpenny, Francess G. 《??? ????》. XII (1891–1900) ????. ??? ??? ???.

[12] Eccles, W.J. (1983). 《The Canadian Frontier, 1534-1760》. University of New Mexico Press. 200 (footnote 12)?. ISBN 978-0-8263-0706-4.

[13] Jacobs, Wilbur R. (Winter 1957). 《Some Social Ideas of Francis Parkman》. 《American Quarterly》 9. 388?. doi:10.2307/2710116. JSTOR 2710116.

[14] Townsend, Kim (Spring 1986). 《Francis Parkman and the Male Tradition》. 《American Quarterly》 38. 104?. doi:10.2307/2712595. JSTOR 2712595.

[15] Allen, Robert S. (1993). 《His Majesty's Indian Allies: British Indian Policy in the Defence of Canada 1774-1815》. Dundurn. 235?. ISBN 978-1-55488-189-5.

[16] McConnell (1994), xv–xvi?

[17] Wilson, Edmund (1965). 《O Canada: An American's Notes on Canadian Culture》. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 54?. ISBN 978-0-374-50516-5.

[18] utenberg.org: The Conspiracy of Pontiac and the Indian War after the Conquest of Canada

[19] utenberg.org: The Book of Roses

[20] utenberg.org: Historic Handbook of the Northern Tour

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