2017成都大学生广告创意大赛巡讲会走进成都大学
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????: Nouvelle-Calédonie ??: New Caledonia | |||
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?? | "Terre de parole, terre de partage"(????) (??: "Land of speech, land of sharing" "?? ?, ??? ?") | ||
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?? | ??? ?? 22° 16′ ?? 166° 27′ ? / ??? 22.267° ?? 166.450° | ||
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???? | ??? ??? | ||
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? ??? ??? | 1853? | ||
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?? | 19,058 km2 (155 ?) | ||
??? | (UTC+11) | ||
DST | ?? | ||
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??? | ???? | ||
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2005? ?? | 232,258? | ||
2004? ?? | 230,789? (181?) | ||
?? ?? | 12.5?/km2 (199?) | ||
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GDP(PPP) | 2003? ??? | ||
? ?? | $31.58? (170?) | ||
? ??? | $14,800 (65?) | ||
GDP(??) | 2003? ??? | ||
?? | ?? (XPF) | ||
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?? | ??? 85.2% ??? 10.4% ???? 2.8% ?? 0.6% ???? 0.2% ?? 0.8% | ||
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ISO 3166-1 | 540, NC, NCL | ||
??? | .nc | ||
?? ?? | +687 |
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??????(????: Nouvelle-Calédonie, ???: ??????)? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????, ???? ???? ????. ??? ??? ??????(New Caledonia)?? ????? ??? ??. ??? ?????. ????? ???????, ????? ????, ????? ??, ????? ????? ???.
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[??]???? ???? ??
[??]??? ?? ??? ? 5?? ??? ??? ?????. ? ? ???????? ? ??? ?????. ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???(Lapita)?? ??. ??? ??? 1500??, ??? ??????? ??????????(????: Province des ?les Loyauté)? ? ??? ????. ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ???? ??? ?????. 11???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???.
????? 18?? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???. 1774? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ? ? ?????(????: Grande Terre)? ?? ??????, ??? ???? ?????? ???? '??????'(New Caledonia[1]?? ???. ? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?(????)? ??????(New Hebrides)?? ?????? ? ??? ????? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ???. ? ? 1778? ???? ? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??-??? ??? ????? ??? ???. ????? ???, ??, ??, ?????, ??, ???? ?? ??? ???? ????. ?? ???? ? ???? ????. ??? ???? ????? ?????, 1849? ???? (Pouma)? ??(Cutter)?? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ???.
??? ??? ????, ??? ??? ??? ????(blackbirding)? ?? ?????. ????? ??????, ??????????, ????, ??????, ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???. ?? "blackbirding"? ?? ???? ??? ???. ? ??? 20?? ??? ?????. ? ??? ???? "Kanakas"?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ????? "Kanak"??? ??? ???.
??? ???
[??]1853? ? ???? 3?? ??? ???? ??? ???. ??? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???, ???? 1864??? 1922??? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? 2? 2??? ????? ???. ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????, ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????. ? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??, ???? ?? ?? ????(?? ???? ?? ??)? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????. ?? ?? ???? ??(Kanak)? ??? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???.
?2? ???? ??, ?? ? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???. ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???. ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ? ???. ?? ?23????? ??? ?????? "Americal"??? ???? ??? "America"? "New Caledonia"? ??? ???. ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? "???????"?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????. ? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????.
??? ??? ????
[??]1956? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ? ??? ?????, ??? ???? ??? ??? ???. 1976? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????.
??????? 1986??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????. 1985??? ??? ??????(Front de Libération Nationale Kanak Socialiste, FLNKS)? ????? ?????. ? ?? ???(Jean-Marie Tjibaou, 1989? ??)? ??? ?? ??? ??????? "Kanaky"? ??? ?????. FLNKS? ??? ??? 1988? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???. ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? 1988? ??? ??? 1998? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???. ? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???, ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? (?? ?), 2014? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??.
2018? 10?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? 57%? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???. ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??.
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[??]??????? ??? ????, ? ??? ??. 6??? 9???? ????(???), 11? ???? 4? ????? ??(???). ????? ??? ?? 21??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? 24?, ??? ?? 15? ????. ???? ???? ???? ????? ? ??? ??? ??, ?? ??????? ? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???.[2]
??? ??
[??]?? | ?? | ±% p.a. |
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1956 | 68,480 | — |
1963 | 86,519 | +3.40% |
1969 | 100,579 | +2.54% |
1976 | 133,233 | +4.10% |
1983 | 145,368 | +1.25% |
1989 | 164,173 | +2.05% |
1996 | 196,836 | +2.63% |
2004 | 230,789 | +2.01% |
2009 | 245,580 | +1.25% |
2014 | 268,767 | +1.82% |
2019 | 271,407 | +0.20% |
ISEE[3] |
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[??]2004? ???? ??, ?? ??? ?????? 42.5%, ??? 37.1%, ?????? 3.8%, ?????? 3.6%, ???? 1.6%, ?? 3%? ?????. ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????, ??? ?? ????? ???? ??, ??? ?? ????. 1996? ???? ???? ??????? 44.6%, ???? 34.5%? ?????.
? ??? 2005? ???? ?? 232,258???, ??? ??? ?????? 44.1%, ??? 34.2%, ? ? 21.7% (?????, ????, ????, ???, ?? ?)??.
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[??]?? ?????? 70%, ???? 16%, 14%? ?? ?? ?? ????.
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[??]????? ?????, ??? 1/3? ??????? ??? ????. ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????.
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[??]??? ?? ??(gendarmerie)? ???? ??.
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[??]??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ???????, ????, ??, ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??. ??????? 2009?? ??? ??? 《??? ??》?? ????? ???? ????? ??????. ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ??.[4]
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[??]- ↑ ?????? ?????? ???? ?????.
- ↑ Geert Cole ?. 《South Pacific & Micronesia》 (??) ??. Lonely Planet. 297?. ISBN 1-74104-304-2.
- ↑ “The Population at Different Censuses”. 《isee.nc》. 2020? 4? 11?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2020? 11? 2?? ???.
- ↑ “??? ??-??? ??? ? ??? ??? ② ??”. 《???》 (???????). 2009? 3? 25?. 2009? 6? 20?? ???.[?? ??(?? ?? ??)]
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